RESUMO
Las infecciones de piel y partes blandas (IPPB) en niños son una de las principales causas de prescripción de antimicrobianos. El objetivo del estudio fue describir las características clínicas y microbiológicas de las IPPB ambulatorias de niños asistidos en dos hospitales zonales. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo entre el 1/11/2017 y el 1/11/2018. Se incluyeron pacientes entre 1 mes y 15 años internados en dos hospitales. Se evaluó: edad, sexo, localidad, factores predisponentes, tipo de IPPB, muestras biológicas realizadas, aislamiento microbiológico, tratamiento empírico indicado y evolución del cuadro. Se realizó antibiograma y determinación genética. Se calculó chi2, IC95, OR; α=5%. N= 94. 58,7% masculinos. 12 pacientes <1 año, 85 >1 año (promedio de edad 4 años, 1-15). El 36% de Tandil y 63,8% de Florencio Varela. El 59,6% corresponden a IPPB purulentas. Se aislaron microorganismos en un 59,6%. Los aislamientos principales: SAMR (40,4%), SAMS (7,4%), S. agalactiae (2,1%) y S. pyogenes (2,1%). El 100% de SAMR son portadores de gen mecA y SCCmec tipo IV, sin multirresistencia. No hubo diferencia estadística entre los factores de riesgo evaluados para el desarrollo de IPPB por SAMR. El 52,1% de los niños recibió tratamiento antibiótico combinado, siendo la más indicada TMS-SMX + CLI en 36 eventos. (38,3%). La evolución fue favorable: no hubo diferencia significativa entre el subgrupo que se aisló SAMR y el que no se aisló SAMR; 91,9% (34/37) y 92,6% (50/54) correspondientemente (chi2: 0,01; p= 0,97 IC95: 0,26-3,88). El principal agente etiológico fue SAMRco, debiendo adecuar los tratamientos a este microorganismo.
Skin and soft tissue infections (SSIs) in children are one of the main causes of antimicrobial prescription. The aim of the study was to describe the clinical and microbiological characteristics of outpatient SSIs in children attended in two hospitals. A prospective study was conducted between 11/1/2017 and 11/1/2018. Patients between 1 month and 15 years old, hospitalized were included. We evaluated: age, sex, locality, predisposing factors, type of IPPB, biological samples taken, microbiological isolation, empirical treatment indicated and evolution of the condition. An antibiogram and genetic determination were performed. Chi2, CI95, OR; α=5% were calculated. N= 94. 58.7% male. 12 patients <1 year, 85 >1 year (mean age 4 years, 1-15). 36% were from Tandil and 63.8% from Florencio Varela. 59.6% corresponded to purulent SSIs. The diagnostic yield was 59.6%. Main isolates: MRSA (40.4%), MSSA (7.4%), S. agalactiae (2.1%) and S. pyogenes (2.1%). 100% of MRSA carried the mecA gene and SCCmec type IV, with no multidrug resistance. There was no statistical difference between the risk factors evaluated. 52.1% of children received combined antibiotic treatment, the most indicated being TMS-SMX + CLI in 36 events. (38,3%). Evolution was favorable: there was no significant difference between the subgroup that isolated MRSA and the subgroup that did not isolate MRSA; 91.9% (34/37) and 92.6% (50/54) respectively (chi2: 0.01; p= 0.97 CI95: 0.26-3.88). The main etiological agent was MRSA, and treatments should be adapted to this microorganism
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Dermatopatias Infecciosas/microbiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções dos Tecidos Moles/microbiologia , Dermatopatias Infecciosas/tratamento farmacológico , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , Modelos Logísticos , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Infecções dos Tecidos Moles/tratamento farmacológico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/isolamento & purificação , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/genética , Antibacterianos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
The study of scientific production is a good indicator of the progress in research and knowledge generation. Bibliometrics is a scientific discipline that uses a set of indicators to quantitatively express the bibliographic characteristics of scientific publications. The scientific literature on the epidemiology of intestinal parasites in Argentina is scattered in numerous sources, hindering access and visibility to the scientific community. Our purpose was to perform a quantitative, bibliometric study of the scientific literature on intestinal parasites in humans in Argentina published in the period 1985-2014. This bibliometric analysis showed an increase in the number of articles on intestinal parasites in humans in Argentina published over the past 30 years. Those articles showed a collaboration index similar to that of the literature, with a high index of institutionality for national institutions and a very low one for international collaboration. The original articles were published in scientific journals in the American Continent, Europe and Asia. The use of bibliometric indicators can provide a solid tool for the diagnosis and survey of the research on epidemiology of intestinal parasites and contributes to the dissemination and visibility of information on the scientific production developed in Argentina.
Assuntos
Bibliometria , Intestinos/parasitologia , Parasitologia , Dissertações Acadêmicas como Assunto , Academias e Institutos , Argentina , Livros , Comportamento Cooperativo , Humanos , Disseminação de Informação/métodos , Internacionalidade , Enteropatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/parasitologia , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Hypertension can start at an early age, however there are few data about blood pressure control in rural students in Argentina. Proyecto Vela is a survey about cardiovascular risk factors in the rural population of Maria Ignacia Vela, Argentina. We evaluated blood pressure levels, prevalence of arterial hypertension, sedentary lifestyle, overweight, and obesity in 331 children and adolescent students. In 70% of the subjects the blood pressure was measured for the first time. Prevalence of arterial hypertension was 4.3% in adolescents. Pre-hypertension was detected in 1.9% and 1.7% of children and adolescents, respectively. The prevalence of smoking, sedentary lifestyle, overweight or obesity was 2.4%, 50% and 23.8% respectively. There was association (p <0.05) between hypertension and sedentary lifestyle. In our population the evaluation of blood pressure in adolescents is not a routine procedure. Prevalence of hypertension was low but these data show the importance of blood pressure controls and the need of official programs to modify sedentary lifestyle.
Assuntos
Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Argentina , Pressão Sanguínea , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Saúde da População RuralRESUMO
La hipertensión arterial puede iniciarse a temprana edad. Existen pocos datos sobre el control de la presión arterial en poblaciones escolares rurales argentinas. Proyecto Vela es un estudio epidemiológico que evalúa la prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en la población rural de María Ignacia Vela, Argentina. Se midieron niveles de presión arterial, prevalencia de hipertensión arterial, sedentarismo y sobrepeso en 331 niños y adolescentes escolares. En el 70 por ciento, la presión arterial se midió por primera vez. La prevalencia de hipertensión fue 4,3 por ciento y la de prehipertensión 1,9 por ciento en niños y 1,7 por ciento en adolescentes. Las prevalencias de tabaquismo, sedentarismo y sobrepeso fueron 2,4 por ciento, 50 por ciento y 23,8 por ciento, respectivamente. Hubo asociación entre sedentarismo e hipertensión arterial (p menor 0,05). La prevalencia de hipertensión fue baja, pero destacamos la importancia de medir la presión arterial desde edades tempranas e implementar programas oficiales para modificar el sedentarismo.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Pressão Sanguínea , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Hipertensão , Sobrepeso , Fatores de Risco , População Rural , Tabagismo , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Epidemiológicos , ProjetosRESUMO
La hipertensión arterial puede iniciarse a temprana edad. Existen pocos datos sobre el control de la presión arterial en poblaciones escolares rurales argentinas. Proyecto Vela es un estudio epidemiológico que evalúa la prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en la población rural de María Ignacia Vela, Argentina. Se midieron niveles de presión arterial, prevalencia de hipertensión arterial, sedentarismo y sobrepeso en 331 niños y adolescentes escolares. En el 70 por ciento, la presión arterial se midió por primera vez. La prevalencia de hipertensión fue 4,3 por ciento y la de prehipertensión 1,9 por ciento en niños y 1,7 por ciento en adolescentes. Las prevalencias de tabaquismo, sedentarismo y sobrepeso fueron 2,4 por ciento, 50 por ciento y 23,8 por ciento, respectivamente. Hubo asociación entre sedentarismo e hipertensión arterial (p menor 0,05). La prevalencia de hipertensión fue baja, pero destacamos la importancia de medir la presión arterial desde edades tempranas e implementar programas oficiales para modificar el sedentarismo.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Pressão Sanguínea , Fatores de Risco , Hipertensão , Tabagismo , Sobrepeso , Doenças Cardiovasculares , População Rural , Projetos , Estudos Epidemiológicos , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
We evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasites in 504 people and the degree of association between environmental variables and parasites found in population, soil and water in a rural area of Argentina during 2002-2003. A structured survey was used to evaluate the environmental variables and fecal-human, soil and water samples were analyzed. The prevalence of parasites was 45.4%. Most prevalent protozoa were Blastocystis hominis (27.2%) and Giardia lamblia (6.9%), while the most prevalent helminth was Ascaris lumbricoides (3.8%). The analyzed environmental variables showing association (p < 0.05) with presence of parasites in population were: cardboard-tin or wooden house, dirt floor, home or communal water pump, faucet outside the house or public faucet and cesspool or latrine. Parasite forms were found in 82.3% of the soil samples and in 84.2% of the water samples. In both samples we found parasites that were also found in people. In this study we have found deficient sanitary conditions associated with presence of parasites in population and we have evidenced that contaminated soil and water were the source of these parasites.
Assuntos
Helmintíase/epidemiologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Infecções por Protozoários/epidemiologia , Animais , Argentina/epidemiologia , Humanos , Prevalência , População Rural , Saneamento , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Solo/parasitologia , População Urbana , Água/parasitologiaRESUMO
We evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasites in 504 people and the degree of association between environmental variables and parasites found in population, soil and water in a rural area of Argentina during 2002-2003. A structured survey was used to evaluate the environmental variables and fecal-human, soil and water samples were analyzed. The prevalence of parasites was 45.4 percent. Most prevalent protozoa were Blastocystis hominis (27.2 percent) and Giardia lamblia (6.9 percent), while the most prevalent helminth was Ascaris lumbricoides (3.8 percent). The analyzed environmental variables showing association (p < 0.05) with presence of parasites in population were: cardboard-tin or wooden house, dirt floor, home or communal water pump, faucet outside the house or public faucet and cesspool or latrine. Parasite forms were found in 82.3 percent of the soil samples and in 84.2 percent of the water samples. In both samples we found parasites that were also found in people. In this study we have found deficient sanitary conditions associated with presence of parasites in population and we have evidenced that contaminated soil and water were the source of these parasites.
Hemos evaluado la prevalencia de parásitos intestinales en 504 personas y el grado de asociación entre las variables ambientales y los parásitos intestinales hallados en la población, el suelo y el agua de una zona rural de Argentina durante 2002-2003. Se utilizó una encuesta estructurada para relevar las variables ambientales y se examinaron muestras fecales humanas, de agua y de suelo. La prevalencia parasitaria fue de 45,4 por ciento. Los protozoos prevalentes fueron Blastocystis hominis (27,2 por ciento) y Giardia lamblia (6,9 por ciento), mientras que el helminto mas prevalente fue Ascaris lumbricoides (3,8 por ciento). Las variables ambientales analizadas que mostraron asociación (p < 0,05) con la presencia de parásitos en la población fueron: casa de cartón-chapa o de madera con piso de tierra, bomba de agua domiciliaria o comunitaria, canilla fuera de la casa o pública y pozo ciego o letrina. Elementos parasitarios fueron hallados en el 82,3 por ciento de las muestras de suelo y en el 84,2 por ciento de las muestras de agua. En ambas muestras fueron hallados parásitos que también se encontraron en las personas. En este trabajo hemos hallado deficientes condiciones sanitarias asociadas con la presencia de parásitos en las personas y hemos evidenciado que el suelo y el agua contaminada fueron la fuente de esos parasitos.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Helmintíase/epidemiologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Infecções por Protozoários/epidemiologia , Argentina/epidemiologia , Prevalência , População Rural , Saneamento , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Solo/parasitologia , População Urbana , Água/parasitologiaRESUMO
The present study is the first comprehensive analysis of human cystic echinococcosis (CE) epidemiological data carried out in the province of Neuquén, Patagonia Argentina, after 34 years of uninterrupted control program. A retrospective study of all the official records of confirmed human CE cases between 1995 and 2004 was carried out. A total of 1107 cases were reported. The overall mean annual incidence (MAI) was 24.4 per 100,000 inhabitants for the total population and 9.7/100,000 in the 0-14 year group. Distribution of cases by age and sex as well as frequency of cyst locations was analysed. Children accounted for 13.3% of total cases, indicating active transmission of the disease. Territorial distribution of cases was highly heterogeneous: MAI per 100,000 ranged from 7.9 in the Metropolitan Sanitary Area to 78.4 in the western rural areas. Higher values were recorded in small communities as Pilo Lil (800/100,000). MAI showed a significant decrease from 1995 to 1999 (43.9-18.8) but remains stable from 2000 to 2004 (15.9-15.5). These results suggest that standard control measures, despite long-term implementation, are not able to produce a sustained improvement of the epidemiological status of the disease. Further studies about local transmission cycles, definite and intermediate hosts present, Echinococcus granulosus strains or cultural behaviours in small communities are required in order to adequate the control actions in Neuquén.
Assuntos
Equinococose/epidemiologia , Equinococose/prevenção & controle , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Animais , Argentina/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Equinococose/parasitologia , Equinococose/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Distribuição por SexoRESUMO
Se investigó la prevalencia y distribución de parásitos intestinales (PI) en niños de 2 poblaciones de diferente nivel socioeconómico del área periurbana de la ciudad de Neuquén (Sectores I y II) a fin de evaluar su relación con las condiciones de hábitat y factores socio-económicos. Se procesaron muestras seriadas de materia fecal y de escobillado anal de 126 niños entre 2 y 14 años de edad. Se registraron datos acerca de condiciones de hábitat y factores socioeconómicos mediante visitas domiciliarias y encuestas observaciones estructuradas. Se detectó presencia de PI en el 50,7 por ciento de los niños del Sector I (barrio suburbano con adecuadas condiciones sanitarias y nivel socioeconómico medio o medio-bajo) y en el 92,9 por ciento de los niños del Sector II (asentamiento marginal con deficientes condiciones sanitarias y bajo nivel socioeconómico). Se identificaron 7 especies de protozoos intestinales y 4 especies de helmintos. Blastocystis hominis fue la especie más frecuente encontrada en ambas poblaciones. No se encontraron helmintos diferentes de Enterobius vermicularis en el Sector I y la prevalencia de tales especies fue muy baja en el Sector II. Las condiciones de hábitat deficientes y los bajos parámetros socioeconómicos se relacionaron con una mayor prevalencia de PI de transmisión directa como protozoos y E. vermicularis en las poblaciones estudiadas. Sin embargo, aún en ese contexto favorable a la transmisión, las especies parasitarias que requieren estadíos intermedios de maduración en el suelo no encuentran un hábitat adecuado para su diseminación en esta región patagónica.
The prevalence and distribution of intestinal parasites (IP) were investigated in children from two populations of different socioeconomic level, located in the same area of the city of Neuquén, in order to evaluate their relationship with habitat conditions and socioeconomic factors. Serial samples of faeces and anal scraping of 126 children between 2 and 14 years from two sectors of the suburban area of Neuquen (Sector I and Sector II) were analyzed. Data concerning habitat conditions and socioeconomic parameters were obtained by home visits and an observational structured survey. Presence of IP was detected in 50.7% of children from Sector I (suburban neighborhood with adequate sanitary conditions and middle or middle low socioeconomic level) and in 92.9% from children of Sector II (marginal settlement with poor sanitary conditions and low socioeconomic status). Seven intestinal protozoan and 4 helminth species were identified. Blastocystis hominis was the most frequent species found in both populations. No helminths different from Enterobius vermicularis were found in Sector I and the prevalence of such species was very low in Sector II. Deficient habitat conditions and low socioeconomic parameters showed relation with a higher prevalence of IP of direct transmission as protozoan and E.vermicularis in the studied populations. Nevertheless, even in this context favourable to transmission, the parasitic species which require intermediate stages of development in soil, don't find an adequate habitat for dissemination in this region
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Eucariotos , Helmintíase/epidemiologia , Helmintos/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Protozoários/epidemiologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Argentina/epidemiologia , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Ecossistema , Eucariotos , Helmintos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Prevalência , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Especificidade da Espécie , Área UrbanaRESUMO
We studied the viability and infectiousness of aged Echinococcus granulosus eggs by in vivo evaluation in ovines. Our results demonstrated that after 41 months of ageing of the eggs under environmental conditions of an inferior arid climate (Patagonia, Argentina), they were still able to produce infection in 4/4 ovines challenged with 1200 eggs per ovine. In the ovines experimentally infected with these aged eggs, the occurrence of hepatic and pulmonary cysts was determined by necropsy, histologic and genetic studies. The eggs were found in a semi-senescent stage, thus keeping their capacity to generate an infection in the intermediary ovine host.
